Civil War One Of The Most Deadly Wars - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1986 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Civil War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? The American Civil War, fought between the Union and Confederate forces, took place from 1861 to 1865. During the war, a variety of weapons were used on both sides. These weapons include edged weapons such as knives and swords, firearms such as, rifled-muskets, breech loaders and repeating weapons, various field guns such as artillery, and new weapons such as the early grenade and machine gun. The Civil War is often to referred as the first modern war in history as it included the most advanced technology and innovations of warfare available at the time. Some of the innovations and advances of the Civil War included mass production of war materiel, rifling of gun barrels and the use of the Mini? © ball, the advent of repeating firearms and metallic cartridges, ironclad warships, advances in medicine, communication , and transportation , and the gradual decline of tactics from previous centuries. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Civil War: One Of The Most Deadly Wars" essay for you Create order Some of the cannon used by union and confederate forces include the 12 pound Howitzer, the 10 pound Parrot rifle, and the 3 inch ordnance rifle.The civil war brought many advancements in gun technology, most notably the widespread use of rifled barrels. Popular rifles used in the civil war include the Springfield rifle, the Lorenz rifle, the Colt revolving rifle. Swords were still used widely in the civil war. Popular swords include the Model 1832 Foot Artillery Sword, Model 1832 Dragoon Saber, Model 1840 Light Artillery Saber, and the Model 1840 Army Non-commissioned Officers Sword. The Mini Ball was a type of bullet that was used throughout the Civil War. Designed to expand while traveling along the rifle barrel, it increased muzzle velocity as well as providing spin to the bullet, expanding its accuracy and range. This advance in weaponry, along with outdated military tactics devised in an era of older firearms, are often cited as a reason for the large numbers of casualties of the Civil War.Although they most often fought on foot particularly as the War progressed cavalry units typically looked for firearms that would be easy to reload from the back of a moving horse. Cavalry in both the Union and the Confederate Armies employed a variety of breech-loading, single-shot, rifle-barreled weapons known as carbines. The carbines, because their barrels were several inches shorter than the rifle-muskets the infantry carried, also had a shorter range. In addition, the cavalry weapons had a brutal recoil when fired, and despite their advantages in loading most still r equired the cavalry soldier to manipulate a tiny cap in order to fire. Confederate cavalry often brought sawed-off shotguns and cut-down hunting rifles from home. Others used the standard infantry rifle-muskets, though the longer barrels were awkward and muzzle-loading was difficult on horseback. In addition to the carbines, cavalrymen also frequently were issued percussion revolvers. These handguns used rotating cylinders, bored through with five or six chambers, to allow multiple shots without reloading. The soldier had to pour a powder charge into the chamber, ram a round or conical ball on top, seal the front of the cylinder with grease to prevent one chamber from igniting the adjacent ones, and then place a cap on the rear of each chamber before the guns were ready to be fired. Once this time-consuming process was complete, the soldier could rely on five or six shots in succession. However, the sights on the handguns were crude; a soldier could not expect to hit any target much beyond 50 feet or less from horseback. One massive Confederate revolver, the LeMat, clustered nine pistol chambers around a central shotgun barrel. Smith Wesson perfected self-contained metallic cartridge revolvers in .22 and .32 caliber. Earlier cartridges had been made of stiff paper or animal skin wrapped around the charge, primer, and projectile of the gun. While more convenient to load and carry, these smaller guns lacked the power of their .36 and .44 caliber percussion competition. One French revolver, the Lefauchaux, used a small firing pin integral to the cartridge to ignite the charge. Federal forces used several thousand of the Lefauchaux revolvers, and Confederate Generals J.E.B. Stuart and Pierre Beauregard also carried this model.Most Civil War infantry men, both Federal and Confederate, carried .58 or .577 caliber rifle-muskets. The rifle-musket was first manufactured in the United States in 1855 and quickly replaced earlier smoothbore guns. The rifling spiral grooves etched inside the guns barrel greatly increased the accuracy of the weapons by spinning and stabilizing the bullet as it sped towards the target. A trained marksman could hit targets as far as 800 yards away, and even an average shot could expect to strike the mark at 250 yards. Smoothbore muskets, some of which were still used during the Civil War, were generally unreliable at any range more than 75 yards.These rifle-muskets were chiefly percussion weapons; pulling the trigger of a rifle-musket caused the weapons hammer to strike a small metal cap. A charge of fulminate of mercury inside the cap would explode to ignite the gunpowder charge in the barrel. The force of the gunpowder explosion drove the bullet, either a round ball or minie ball, down the barrel. The metal cap was tiny, about the size of a pencil-eraser, and had to be set into place by hand each time the musket was fired. Soldiers had to follow nine careful steps to load and fire a single bullet from a muzzle-loading gun, and five to fire a breech-loading weapon. Rifle-muskets weighed between six and ten pounds and many were designed to fit a bayonet on the end o f the barrel.Civil War soldiers were known to make jury-rigged explosives using assortments of fuses and gunpowder, but the conflict also saw advances in the design and manufacture of hand grenades. The most popular model was the Union-issued Ketchum grenade, a projectile explosive that was thrown like a dart. The grenades came in one-, three- and five-pound models equipped with stabilizer fins and a nose-mounted plunger. Upon impact, the plunger would detonate a percussion cap and ignite a deadly supply of gunpowder. While a novel idea, the explosives didnt always work as intended. In fact, when they were bombarded with Ketchum grenades during an 1863 siege at Port Hudson, Louisiana, Confederate soldiers reportedly used blankets to catch the explosives before throwing them back at their hapless attackers.Rocket launchers might seem like a 20th-century phenomenon, but they made a few appearances on Civil War battlefields. Confederate forces reportedly experimented with Congreve rockets, a British-designed explosive that had previously seen action in the War of 1812. These weapons resembled large bottle rockets and were so inaccurate that they never saw widespread use.Meanwhile, Union forces employed the Hale patent rocket launcher, a metal tube that fired seven- and 10-inch-long spin stabilized rockets up to 2,000 yards. While a vast improvement on the Congreve, these projectiles were still quite unwieldy, and were only generally used by the U.S. Navy. Colt revolvers and Springfield muskets were the Civil Wars most popular firearms, but the era also gave rise to some of the earliest machine guns. Of these, perhaps none is more infamous than the Gatling gun, a six-barreled piece that was capable of firing up to 350 rounds a minute. The U.S. government never ordered the Gatling in bulk, but Union General Benjamin Butler privately purchased several of the intimidating weapons in 1863 and later used them during the Petersburg Campaign.Other rapid-fire guns included the Williams gun a Confederate breechloader first unveiled at the Battle of Seven Pines in 1862 and the Billinghurst-Requa battery gun, which consisted of 25 rifle barrels arranged side by side. Viewed as too inefficient and unwieldy for infantry combat, these weapons were generally used for guarding bridges and other strategic locations.Mines or torpedoes as they were then known were largely a Confederate weapon. Originally developed by General Gabriel J. Rains, these antipersonnel explosives were typically iron containers rigged with gunpowder, a fuse and a brass detonation cap. Rains first used the subterranean booby traps in 1862 during the Peninsula Campaign, and later buried thousands more around Richmond and in various parts of the Deep South. In fact, some of these still-active landmines were only recovered in Alabama as recently as the 1960s.While they proved an intimidating method of psychological warfare, landmines were often viewed as an unethical form of combat. Union General George B. McClellan denounced them as barbarous and Confederate General James Longstreet briefly banned their use. Perhaps their most vociferous critic was Union General William T. Sherman, who lost several troops to underground landmines during his famous March to the Sea. Decrying the use of mines as not warfare, but murder Sherman reportedly forced his Confederate prisoners to march at the head of his column so that they might trigger any hidden land torpedoes.Along with landmines, the Civil War was also a major testing ground for underwater mines. Both sides mined harbors and rivers with torpedoes, but the Confederacy enjoyed greater success. Starting in 1862 with the sinking of the ironclad Cairo, Confederate torpedoes destroyed dozens of Union ships and damaged several others. Union torpedoes, meanwhile, only sank six Confederate Navy vessels.The rebels owed their skill at underwater warfare in part to Matthew Fontaine Maury, an oceanographer who first demonstrated the use of mines in 1861. Maurys infernal machines made the James River virtually impassable, and mines later terrorized the Union Navy during battles at Mobile Bay and Charleston Harbor. The Confederacy also succeeded in using submarines to turn mines into offensive weapons. In 1864 the H.L. Hunley destroyed the Union sloop-of-war Housatonic after ramming it with a pole-mounted torpedo, becoming the first combat submarine to successfully sink an enemy ship.During an 1863 operation to retake Charleston Harbor, General Quincy Adams Gillmore laid siege to the Confederate stronghold at Fort Wagner. Gillmores Union guns bombarded the fort day and night with the help of a strange invention: the calcium light. Better known as limelights these chemical lamps used superheated balls of lime, or calcium oxide, to create an incandescent glow. The lights had been used in lighthouses and theaters since the 1830s, but Gillmores engineers were the first to adapt them for combat. By shining calcium lights on Fort Wagner, Union forces were able to illuminate their artillery target while simultaneously blinding Confederate gunners and riflemen.Also called Drummond lights these calcium floodlights were later used as searchlights to spot Confederate warships and blockade run ners. In early 1865, a Union light even helped detect a Confederate ironclad fleet as it tried to move along the James River under cover of darkness. A Southern officer later noted that a planned sneak attack was made impossible in part because of the Unions powerful calcium light.Because they allowed generals to get an aerial view of the battlefield, Civil War balloons were primarily used in a reconnaissance capacity. The Union even had an official Balloon Corps headed by Chief Aeronaut Thaddeus Lowe. Under his direction, balloons were launched for scouting purposes at several famous engagements, including the First Battle of Bull Run and the Battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. In a balloon tethered to the ground with a telegraph line, Lowe was able to give real-time updates on troop movements, and once even directed Union artillery fire from the sky. The Confederacy also tried their hand at military ballooning, although with considerably less success. The South lacked the resources to make good balloons, and their one operational airship reportedly made from a colorful patchwork of silk was captured after the tugboat carrying it ran aground on the James River.The Civil War produced a number of experimental cannons, machine guns and rifles, but perhaps none was more unusual than the Winans steam gun. Built by Ohio inventors William Joslin and Charles Dickinson, this massive automatic weapon sat on an armored train carriage and used steam to fire projectiles supposedly at a rate of 200 a minute. The civil war was one of the most deadly wars in american history and to this day the amount of american lives lost out numbers that of any other war .

Marketing Strategy For The Marketing Mix - 1908 Words

Marketing strategy for period 11 Name Institution Course Date Table of contents Company overview †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 Identification of goals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Implication of the marketing mix elements†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 Financial projections†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 Executive summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Company Overview Allstar Brands medicine group is an organization that has recorded leading sales in over the counter medicine, with its products a recording a good prevalence in the current market. Allstar Brands is a renowned leader in the industry of Pharmaceutics and is aimed at bringing multi-symptom medicines to the customers with an exceptional touch of†¦show more content†¦Allstar Brands Medicine Company is a company that does not only work towards maintaining high profits but also ensuring that customers experience the highest levels of satisfaction. Based on the above company profile, the customers stick glued to the company’s products due to various reasons. The first reason is that the customers enjoy a superb level of satisfaction with the organization. The organization provides a suitable environment from where the customers obtain the best of services. The workers of Allstar Brands Company are not only well educated but also well trained in their pharmaceutical profess ion. The employees have ways to treat their clients ensuring that they end up coming back to the same place. As identified above, Allstar Brands pharmaceuticals regularly keep their goals in check to ensure that they meet the current market needs. The flexibility of the goals ensures that the workers are kept informed about the current market needs and that they work towards achieving them. Customer satisfaction in Allstar Brands Company does not arise from the services the customers obtain from the workers but also the services consumers obtain from the products. Allright and Allround product brands from the organization are made in such a way that they meet the exact needs of the customer. Based on consumer response and turnout, the customers enjoy a good deal of benefit from the Allstar Brands Company products (George, 2011). The second reason

The Roman Colosseum Free Essays

The Roman Colosseum was built around 70 AD and was opened around 80 AD. The Roman Colosseum is an amphitheatre in the center of rome. It was a gift to the people of roman. We will write a custom essay sample on The Roman Colosseum or any similar topic only for you Order Now The colosseum was used as many things such as gladiator battles, execution, drama, animal hunts, mock sea battles. The colosseum is 157 feet tall and covers 6 acres of ground. The Colosseum was also thought to of been designed by many different people, not just one. The Colosseum can hold up to 50,000 people and has 80 or more entrances. The games and even festivals could last up to 100 days at the Colosseum. The Romans would sometimes flood the Colosseum and have miniature naval battles. In the first games held at the Colosseum somewhere around 9,000 wild animals were slaughtered. People think that through all the games held at the Colosseum somewhere around one million animals have been killed and 500,000 people have been killed also. The Colosseum is the most famous tourist attraction site in all of Rome and it gets millions of views every year. In animal games, some animals were wiped out entirely from the face of the earth. One of the animals was the North African Elephant it was also a war animal. The Hippopotamus is not even found in the Nile river anymore because of this. The Hypogeum was the area beneath the Colosseum and it had to levels to it. There were over 32 different animal cages and 80 vertical shafts leading straight to the Colosseum floor. Gladiators were usually slaves but not always, somewhere ex-soldiers trying to show off their ability of fighting. The fighting didn’t always go to the death. There were referees that would stop the fighting after someone was seriously injured. Sometimes they both got to leave the arena if the enthused the crowd. Gladiator battles were originally funeral services. Gladiators didn’t just fight anyone, it was kind of like MMA fighting were the have weight groups, gladiators had classes based off of record, skill, and experience. Some gladiators were women. They fought in the Colosseum same as men did. Although their participation in the gladiator games might have ended somewhere around 200 A.D. In the Colosseum the also did dramas and plays. They did comedy plays and tragedy plays. One actor could play many different characters because they wore mask and would go behind a background and change their mask into a different character. The mask would have different expression on them so the audience knew what how the character was feeling. At first all actors were males and when playing a womens part, they just dressed up like a girl and used a high pitched voice. Their costumes were very dramatic and oversized so they could be seen in the back of the theater. In the theater they also had animal and gladiator battles. They even had animal on animal fights. In one animal on animal fight an elephant picked up a spear with his trunk and stabbed a rhino’s eyes out. One man one time beat 20 different animals in a single battle, they were all lions and bears and leopards. How to cite The Roman Colosseum, Papers

Effective Ethics and Ethical Behavior free essay sample

Effective ethics and ethical behavior Memorandum and Report Carol Harris TO: Rebecca M. Melton, ABC Toy Co. CEO FROM: Carol Harris, Elementary Division Manager, ABC Toy Co. DATE: 6/5/11 SUBJECT: Product quality issue and a report on ethical decision making. This memo addresses a product quality issue with a whistle included in our toy collection. I have included a report on the importance of ethical decision making and strategies the ABC Toy Co. could adopt to ensure that all members of ABC Toy Company make ethical decisions. This morning I received a memo from the manager of quality assurance. During a routine test, the department discovered a problem with one of the toys included in the elementary toy collection. The collection is scheduled to be shipped to South America by the end of this week. The metal whistle, included in the toy collection, tested slightly above, the United States, legally acceptable limits, of lead in toys intended for children under the ages of seven. It will cost the company $100,000 to reproduce and repackage the toy collection. After reviewing the data, I’ve included the following information for consideration in rectifying the current problem. And I’ve included a personal recommendation for resolution. First of all, we could choose to cancel the shipment. The advantage of this is option is that it lets others know that we are socially responsible. And, the company would be following U. S. law. The disadvantage is that profits will be eliminated, clients will be out product and we will be out the initial cost to produce and package and the product. We will also be out the additional costs to discard the unsafe product. The second option could be to reproduce and repackage the product. The advantage of this choice is that the product will meet U. S. legal standards and arrive to the consumer on time. The disadvantage is that it will cost the company $100,000 on top of the original cost to produce and package the toy collection. And third, we could eliminate the whistle from the toy collection altogether. The advantage of this option is that the collection will arrive on time; there will be no extra reproduction and repackaging charges. It will be safe to use. We will maintain the integrity of the product and the company’s image. And, we will be adhering to the law. The disadvantage, if we eliminate the toy whistles from the collection we will need to lower the cost of the collection which equates to less profit for the shareholders. My recommendation is to eliminate the whistle from the collection. By eliminating the whistle from the collection we are providing a legal, safe product to the consumer. The product will arrive on time. We will be showing social responsibility having made an ethical decision (Miller,B. 2003-2011). This will also help build trust with our clients and the consumer, which leads to better business in the long term. My recommendation will have the least negative impact on the company. The product will be shipped. It will arrive on time. We will offer a discounted price to the consumer to make up for the loss of the whistle. We will build customer confidence by having made an ethical decision. And, client relations by keeping with our commitment to provide a quality product that is on schedule. Social responsibility has played a big part in the decision making process. Making an ethical choice means taking into consideration all of people who will be affected by the final decision. The first option will let the stakeholders down. No product for the consumer, and more cost to the company. The second option will cost the company an additional $100,000. Plus, the shipment cannot be guaranteed to arrive on time. The last option, delivers the product on time, less the whistle, and follows legal guidelines for a safer product. The consumer gets the product; the shareholders get their profit, and the stakeholders are being respected. The above considerations address the financial, legal, and ethical aspects of our decision. These considerations will have a positive effect on customer relations because it shows our commitment to our client and the customer. Becker, P. A 2008) As a producer of consumer products that are geared towards children it is our responsibility to provide a safe product. When we make decisions about product safety there should be an ethical protocol in place with broad and easy to follow guidelines. The following report discusses two strategies the company could adopt to ensure that all members of ABC Toy Company make ethical decisions; the benefits of adopting a code of ethics, an analysis of another company’s code of ethics and components of those ethics that would be important to include or to incorporate into our own. Our first strategy will be in recognizing our responsibility to the consumer. Our main consumers are children. Product safety is paramount. Recognizing that our social responsibility is to provide a product free of health and safety risks is absolute (Miller,B. 2003-2011). Our second strategy, our focus should be on creating a code of conduct. A code of conduct encompasses the company’s commitment to its stakeholders. In our case, the consumer, the client, and the shareholders are our stakeholders (Becker,P. A 2008). Using strategies to assess criteria that all members of ABC Toy Co. can use to affirm each person’s responsibility to make ethical decisions is a step towards better business. Established strategies are a step in the right direction towards creating ethical decision making at all levels. They will help establish criteria for ethical behavior. ABC Toy Company would benefit from a code of ethics. By using the aforementioned strategies and criteria we could cr eate our own code of ethics. A few of the benefits a code of ethics supply are: *A code of ethics gives employees guidance for solving ethical dilemmas. A code of ethics would encourage communication between employees about ethics. *A code of ethics could be used to debate or argue your cause. *A code of ethics would spell out our obligation to the public. *A code of ethics would provide a reference point. The following analysis explores the National Association of Social Worker’s (NASW) code of ethics for examples that may be used in creating our own code of ethics. NASW’s code of ethics serves six purposes: (NASW, 2008), 1. Identifies the values of social work’s mission. 2. It condenses broad ethical principles-to establish ethical standards specific to social work practice. 3. Is geared to help identify important considerations when conflict or ethical questions arise. 4. Provides standards that can be used to hold social workers accountable. 5. It familiarizes new practitioners to social works mission, values, and ethical standards. 6. It clearly characterizes standards the social work profession can use to assess ethical conduct issues. The NASW has formal procedures to settle ethic complaints, members are required to follow the code and all it entails. NASW code of ethics purpose is to fulfill its obligation, to articulate its mission on behalf of clients, NASW clients encompass the underserved populations from individuals to communities and all groups in between. They strive to enhance the well being of all people but focus on empowering those living in poverty and those who are oppressed and vulnerable (NASW, 2008). Considering the six purposes of NASW’s code of ethics the following uses key components to establish our own reasoning. For example, ABC Toy Companies purpose behind a code of ethics, 1. Identify core values on which ABC Toy Co. s founded. 2. Summarizes broad principles that reflect the ethics, values, and standards ABC Toy Co. put in products, and in client and customer relationships. 3. The code helps all members to identify conflict or ethical uncertainties when they arise. 4. The code provides standards of product quality. 5. The code familiarizes all new members to ABC Toy Co. mission, values, principles a nd standards. Establishing a code of ethics helps business by showing our stakeholders our commitment to excellence. Good business means a larger market share. And what’s good for business is good for ABC Toy Co. References Assembly, N. D. (1996). Code of Ethics. Retrieved 6/ 10, 2011, from Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers: http://www. socialworkers. org/pubs/code/code/asp Becker, P. A. (Vol. 1 No. 1 2008 ). The Ethical Challenges for Enterprise and Risks to Consumers of Large Market Share Through Low-Cost Suppier Strategy. Journal of International Business , 107-111. Miller, B. (2003-2011). What is the Importance of Business Ethics. Retrieved 6/ 7, 2011, from Wisegeek. com: http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-the-importance-of-business-ethics. htm